Кафедра технології виробництва продукції тваринництва

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Browsing Кафедра технології виробництва продукції тваринництва by Author "Knysh, V."

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    Establishing the influence of sunflower oil quality indicators on the efficiency of the transesterification catalyst
    (2025-12-30) Korchak, M.; Knysh, V.; Shostia, A. M.; Шостя, Анатолій Михайлович; Usenko, S. O.; Усенко, Світлана Олексіївна; Rachynska, Z.; Viaskov, V.; Kostenko, I.; Glavatchuk, V.; Zygin, S.; Hmelnitska, Y.; Хмельницька, Євгенія Вікторівна
    The object of the study is the process of chemical transesterification of sunflower oil with increased mass fraction of moisture and acid value.Transesterification technology allows obtaining fats with the necessary physico-chemical properties without changing the fatty acid composition. The problem of using alkaline catalysts is rapid deactivation under the influence of impurities present in the fatty raw material. The greatest influence is exerted by moisture and fatty acids. Transesterification of sunflower oil with increased mass fraction of moisture and acid value in the presence of potassium glyceroxide, which is more resistant to deactivating impurities, was studied. Oil parameters: peroxide value 0.18 ½ O mmol/kg, acid value 0.08 mg KOH/g, mass fraction of moisture 0.05%, crystallization temperature –18.38°C.Oil samples with mass fractions of moisture from 0.1 to 0.75% (obtained by adding water) were stored for two months under the following conditions: temperature (20±2) °C, air humidity not more than 70%. After storage, the acid value was measured in each sample and transesterification was performed. The efficiency of the process was assessed by the oil crystallization temperature. The maximum values of oil indicators at which the potassium glyceroxide catalyst is effective were established: mass fraction of moisture 0.4%, acid value 0.28 mg KOH/g. At the same time, the crystallization temperature of sunflower oil is –3.95°C, which corresponds to the maximum increase in the crystallization temperature of oil as a result of transesterification. The results obtained make it possible to effectively transesterify sunflower and other types of non-standard quality oils without preliminary treatment. This will reduce the cost of production and increase the profitability of enterprises (depending on the indicators of non-standard raw materials).
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    Identifying of rational conditions for etherification of sunflower soapstock fatty acids
    (2026-01-13) Birta, G.; Levoshko, N.; Knysh, V.; Usenko, S. O.; Усенко, Світлана Олексіївна; Shostia, A. M.; Шостя, Анатолій Михайлович; Ovsiannikova, T.; Falalieieva, T.; Marushko, L.; Semenko, Y.; Zygin, S.
    The object of the study is the process of esterification of sunflower soapstock fatty acids with butanol. Soapstock is a waste of the oil and fat industry, which is formed in the process of alkaline neutralization of oils. The processing of soapstock to obtain fatty acids is promising, since the disposal of waste is difficult and dangerous, and fatty acids are an industrially valuable product. Fatty acids obtained from soapstock are an available raw material for the production of fatty acid esters of low molecular weight alcohols, which are the basis of alternative biodiesel fuel. The influence of the conditions of esterification of fatty acids from sunflower soapstock (CAS Number 61788-66-7) with butanol (CAS Number 71-36-3) in the presence of an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid catalyst on the acid value of the reaction mixture was studied. This indicator reflects an increase in the content of butyl esters. The fatty acids used, obtained from soapstock by decomposition with sulfuric acid, meet the requirements of DSTU 4860 for first-grade fatty acids. The neutralization number of fatty acids is 186.0 mg KOH/g, the mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances is 1.7 %, the mass fraction of total fat is 97.5 %, the depth of cleavage is 67.1 % of oleic acid. Rational conditions for the esterification process have been established, which correspond to the maximum reduction in the acid value of the reaction mixture: duration is 12 hours, catalyst concentration is 3.5 %. In this case, the acid value of the reaction mass was 4.05 mg KOH/g. The product yield was 91.5 %. Product parameters: mass fraction of esters – 92.7 %, mass fraction of total glycerol – 0.20 %, mass fraction of moisture 0.04 %, density at the temperature of 15 °C – 840 kg/m3. The results obtained make it possible to obtain a high-quality base for biodiesel fuel using soapstock fatty acids under rational conditions.