Генетично модифіковані сільськогосподарські культури: прогрес, проблеми, перспективи
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Date
2013-04-03
Authors
Кравченко, Оксана Іванівна
Journal Title
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Publisher
Проблеми інноваційно-інвестиційного розвитку. Міжнародний електронний журнал
Abstract
With the rapid population growth and the depletion of bioresources, idea of GMOs today "works" in favor of a strategy of mankind survival. However, like any creation of the human mind, GMOs cause a number of risks.
Resistance to the introduction of genetically modified crops and foods worldwide has reached unprecedented proportions. The main reasons for this attitude – genetic contamination of traditional, organic crops and wild plants, dangers of GM foods on human health, economic losses for individual farmers and whole countries. Local authorities, manufacturers, retailers increasingly choosing rejection of GM crops and products and make their land free from GMOs.
According to the basic principles of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for 2020 (Law of Ukraine N 2818-VI, 21.12.2010), a system of biosafety, which aims to provide a secure proceedings genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms and prevent unauthorized and uncontrolled spread them are creating in the state.
Ukraine has a number of laws and regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers regulating the use of GMOs. However, in a situation of uncontrolled spread of GMOs in the world it is not enough. Weak regulation of biosafety can put Ukraine on the brink of ecological disaster, and also make farmers dependent on transnational corporations producing GMOs.
The situation is further complicated by the absence in Ukraine of a single state body that worked on GMOs. According to the Law of Ukraine "About State Biosafety System for creating, testing, transportation and use of genetically modified organisms" (30.05.2007), the power to control and regulate divided between five executive agencies. The Cabinet of Ministers is responsible for developing regulations to implement the Law on Biosafety. Ministry of Education regulates activities in the field of genetic engineering in closed systems, the Ministry of
Ecology and Nature Resources regulates the testing of GMOs in open systems. Conduct of environmental assessments of GMOs fall under the authority of the Ministry of Ecology and Nature resources, while the Ministry of Health conducts sanitary and epidemiological expertise GMOs before making a decision on the state registration.
The need for strict regulation and control of genetic engineering arises. The delay in this matter will cause to situation when the price of consequences of uncontrolled GMOs spread will be unaffordable for the state.
Description
Keywords
генетично модифіковані культури, зони вільні від ГМО
Citation
Генетично модифіковані сільськогосподарські культури: прогрес, проблеми, перспективи : монографія / Т.М. Димань, М.В. Козловська, Р.В. Облап, О.В. Дубін, О.І. Кравченко; Передмова та ред. Т.М. Димань, Л.Г.Шморгун // Серія: Імплементація європейських норм і практик. Регулювання ринків та дослідництво в умовах СОТ. Спецвипуск від 03-04-2013. – К.: Проблеми інноваційно-інвестиційного розвитку, 2013. – 158 с., ілл., англомовна анотація.