Друковані видання. Навчально-науковий інститут агротехнологій, селекції та екології

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Перегляд Друковані видання. Навчально-науковий інститут агротехнологій, селекції та екології за Ключові слова "agricultural technology"

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    The effect of mineral fertilization and seed inoculation on seed yield of soybean
    (2026-02-23) Yeremko, L. S.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович
    In solving the problem of protein and micronutrient deficiencies, which is the main cause of the so-called hidden hunger, soybeans are considered a strategic legume crop in the world. Its cultivation provides millions of people with food and raw materials for hundreds of products in various industries. The nutritional value of soybeans is due to the high content of protein (37%-48%), oil (16%-21%), vitamins, minerals and biologically active compounds. The size and quality of the yield of soybeans is largely determined by varietal characteristics, soil and climatic conditions of the region of cultivation, and the applied agronomic practices, among which the availability of nutrients during the growing season plays a crucial role. As a legume, soybeans, through symbiotic interaction with the bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum, can provide about 100 kg ha-1 of biologically fixed nitrogen to the soil, contributing to a significant reduction in the cost of material resources for the application of mineral fertilizers. In turn, the effectiveness of legume-rhizobial symbiosis is determined by the sufficient supply of plants with trace elements Mo and B. Mo, which is a cofactor of the nitrate reductase enzyme, has a direct impact on the process of symbiotic fixation of molecular nitrogen by soybean plants. It is also required by Rhizobium bacteria for the proper functioning of the nitrogenase enzyme involved in nitrogen fixation. B is essential for fruit formation and development. Its deficiency results in plant sterility due to impaired development of reproductive tissues. At the same time, low availability of B induces significant changes in N2 fixation in soybean plants, which is reflected in a decrease in the frequency of rhizobia infection of plant host cells and an increase in morphological abnormalities in the development of infectious threads. Mg plays a key role in a wide range of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes of plant functioning, including chlorophyll and protein synthesis, production, transport and utilization of photoassimilates, and enzyme activity.