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Landscapes of the Eastern Front of the First World War in Narratives and Survival Practices of Ukrainian Refugees
(2025) Zhvanko, L. M.; Жванко, Любов Миколаївна
The chapter examines the experiences of refugees in the Ukrainian territories during the First World War of 1914–1918, with particular attention to Ukrainian and other ethnic groups displaced from the western regions of the Russian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The study focuses on refugees’ everyday life, forced displacement, evacuation routes, survival practices, and adaptation to unfamiliar social and cultural environments. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of urban and rural landscapes under the influence of mass refugee movements, as well as to the experiences of women, children, and elderly people. Using archival documents, refugees’ letters, press materials, military orders, and memoirs, the author explores the problems of food supply, housing, medical care, epidemics, death, burial, employment, and humanitarian assistance. The chapter also highlights the ways in which refugees influenced the social, cultural, and visual landscape of Ukrainian towns and villages on the Eastern Front.