Фахові видання. Факультет інженерно-технологічний

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https://dspace.pdau.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76

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Development of a biomass-fueled boiler for grain drying applications
(2025) Лапенко, Григорій Олександрович; Lapenko, G. O.; Lapenko, H.; Горбенко, Олександр Вікторович; Gorbenko, O. V.; Лапенко, Тарас Григорович; Lapenko, T. G.; Kolotii, S.
The article presents the results of research and development of an energy-efficient biomass-fired boiler designed for grain drying using locally available types of biomass as an alternative energy source. The relevance of implementing bioenergy technologies in agricultural production is substantiated, taking into account the rising cost of fossil fuels and the growing need for environmental sustainability in the agrarian sector. A comparative analysis of modern grain dryers has been conducted, highlighting their design features, advantages, and limitations in the context of biomass utilization. A boiler design has been developed, incorporating a two-section tubular recuperative heat exchanger, an automated fuel feeding system, and a multi-stage fan-driven air circulation mechanism. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is the use of high-temperature-resistant AISI 310S stainless steel in the combustion chamber, which ensures increased resistance to thermal stress, slag formation, and soot buildup. An air recirculation system for the drying chamber is also proposed to enhance the overall energy efficiency. Based on the proposed design, experimental thermal modeling was carried out. The results were generalized as temperature dependencies under various biomass feed rates. The obtained graphs and tabulated data confirm the system's predictable response to parameter changes, which is critical for automated process control and achieving high-quality grain treatment. Mathematical modeling of thermal regimes confirmed a high degree of correlation (R = 0.95) between the biomass feed rate and the temperature of air supplied to the dryer, as well as operational stability across a wide load range. The findings indicate that implementing such a boiler in agricultural practice can significantly reduce energy consumption, lower harmful emissions, and improve the autonomy of farming enterprises. The proposed technical solution offers a promising direction for modernizing grain drying equipment under current agricultural production conditions.
Interchangeability and maintainability of electric vehicles in the context of industry development
(2025) Горбенко, Олександр Вікторович; Gorbenko, O. V.; Лазоренко, Андрій Ігорович; Lazorenko, A. I.
The rapid growth of the global electric vehicle (EV) market is accompanied by a low level of interchangeability and maintainability of key components, leading to increased maintenance costs, dependence on authorized service centers, and challenges in battery recycling. The absence of unified design standards limits the possibilities for component reuse and creates technical barriers to the development of an efficient service infrastructure. Goal. To analyze the current state of interchangeability and maintainability of electric vehicles, identify technical, economic, and regulatory constraints, and develop recommendations for standardization and unification of design solutions aimed at improving the economic and environmental efficiency of EV operation. Methodology. The study employs a comparative analysis of EV designs from different manufacturers, a review of international standards (ISO 15118, CCS Combo, IEC 61851, SAE J1772), and systematization of service-related barriers. Economic risks associated with full-unit replacement and environmental consequences of limited battery recycling were assessed. Serviceability challenges and critical cost factors were analyzed using TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) indicators. Results. It has been revealed that most EV components have unique design parameters, preventing the use of universal spare parts and increasing TCO by 20–40%. A set of technical, economic, and regulatory measures is proposed, including modular architecture, dimensional interface unification, and the implementation of open diagnostic protocols. These solutions are expected to improve service accessibility and reduce vehicle downtime. Originality. Unlike existing studies, this paper integrates technical, economic, and serviceability aspects by proposing a structured scheme for standardizing EV components at technological, service, and environmental levels. A novel approach to evaluating maintainability is offered through indicators of modularity, compatibility, and availability of certified spare parts. Practical value. The findings can be used for the development of regulatory frameworks in the field of electric transport, the design of modular battery and power electronics systems, the creation of a market for certified component analogs, and the implementation of battery reuse programs. The proposed solutions contribute to reducing maintenance costs, extending vehicle lifespan, and minimizing environmental impact.
Mechatronic colorimetric system for measuring operational degradation of engine oil as a means to enhance the reliability of motor vehicles
(2025) Падалка, Вячеслав Вікторович; Padalka, V. V.; Горбенко, Олександр Вікторович; Gorbenko, O. V.; Іванов, Олег Миколайович; Ivanov, O. M.; Chumak, M.
The article presents the results of a study on the operational degradation of engine oil under the working conditions of internal combustion engines (ICE) used in agricultural and automotive machinery, where the operating environment is classified as particularly severe: high air dustiness, irregular loads, frequent engine starts, and extended idling periods. These factors accelerate the wear of friction pairs, deteriorate lubricating properties, and reduce the overall reliability of power units. Existing maintenance regulations do not consider real operating conditions, which creates the need for inter-schedule monitoring of oil condition – possible only through technical measurements and digital analysis of degradation parameters. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology and conduct experiments to determine the resource indicators of engine oil based on color change using colorimetric equipment equipped with mechatronic system elements. The study is based on comparing the color of fresh oil with that of oil after operational wear. RGB/HSL colorimetry tools and statistical processing were applied. A laboratory setup was developed based on the STM32H747XI microcontroller and the TCS3472 color sensor, enabling the detection of oil color changes and evaluation of its degradation linked to engine operating hours. Calibration was performed between reference samples and boundary conditions corresponding to the full service interval. The investigation of VAG Special G 5W-40 engine oil (BSE engine) over 400 engine hours demonstrated a stable functional dependence between impurity saturation and engine runtime. The average increase in contamination confirmed a reliable correlation between color variation and actual wear of friction components. The proposed methodology enables inter-schedule monitoring of engine oil condition and prediction of optimal replacement timing based on real operating conditions. The practical significance of the study lies in the increased reliability of ICE, reduced maintenance costs, and prevention of premature equipment failures. The proposed mechatronic colorimetric system can be integrated into service centers and precision farming systems as a component of digital diagnostics of machine technical condition.
Research of the main parameters of the technological process of electric contact welding at the restoration of machine parts
(Technology audit and production reserves, НВП ПП «Технологічний Центр», 2017-11) Dudnikov, A. A.; Dudnikov, I. A. ; Dudnyk, V. V.; Gorbenko, O. V. ; Kelemesh, A. O. ; Дудніков, Анатолій Андрійович; Дудніков, Ігор Анатолійович; Дудник, Володимир Васильович; Горбенко, Олександр Вікторович; Келемеш, Антон Олександрович
The object of research is the process of restoring lancet cultivator paws by electrocontact welding of their working parts, the process connection with technological processing parameters and the physical and mechanical properties of their material. One of the most problematic places in the method of electrocontact welding when restoring the working organs of tillage machines is the lack of optimal operating parameters of this technological process of strengthening the cutting elements of working organs working in the soil-aggressive environment. Optimal parameters of electrocontact welding method of the metal mesh to the worn-out surface of the part make it possible to increase the strength of the material of the recovered parts, improve its physical and mechanical properties and increase their service life, and to reduce the magnitude and irregularity of wear. Theoretical studies of the main parameters of the technological process are carried out using the equations of mechanics of deformed bodies with their own physical and mechanical properties. In the course of the study, a steel mesh made of high-strength steel is used, and metal powders are used as a filler material, which strengthened the material of the component and increased its life. Increased wear resistance of the restored parts is obtained. This is due to the fact that with this technological process, the formation of the surface relief takes place with the formation of depressions on it, which retain the lubricant, which ensures a higher coating resistance. Due to this, it is possible to obtain a coating of parts with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm, an increase in their durability of 1.45–2.1 times and a decrease in wear intensity of 1.65 times compared to new cultivator paws.
Substantiating the rational parameters and operation modes for the hemp seed centrifugal dehuller
(2024) Шейченко, Віктор Олександрович; Sheichenko, V. O.; Petrachenko, D.; Koropchenko, S.; Rogovskii, I.; Горбенко, Олександр Вікторович; Gorbenko, O. V.; Volianskyi, M.; Sheichenko, D.
The object of research is technological processes, seeds of industrial hemp, and working bodies of the dehuller. A centrifugal-type device for crushing hemp seeds with a closed sector-type working body has been designed. Owing to this, the task related to seed dehulling was solved with a high level of efficiency in separating the seed coat from the kernel. The rational parameters for the dehuller have been substantiated: the diameter of the impeller is 162 mm, the gap between the impeller and the seed repelling panel is 80 mm, the frequency of rotation of the impeller is 2000 min–1. It was established that with the specified parameters and moisture content of the seeds within the limits of conditional (12.0–13.0 %), it is advisable to carry out dehulling process without preliminary separation of the seeds into fractions by width. It was established that an increase in seed size leads to a corresponding increase in the weight share of seed kernels. About 58.2 % of the main mass of seeds is the average fraction with a width of 2.5 to 3.0 mm. It was found that reducing the diameter of the impeller (from 236 mm to 162 mm) at a seed moisture content of 8.8 % improved the efficiency of dehulling. At a rotation frequency of the impeller of 2000 min–1, the highest total number of intact and destroyed kernels (23.23–29.33 %) was achieved for the two studied moistures. With an increase in seed moisture content from 8.8 % to 12.0 %, the number of dehulled kernels in the hempseed cake increased. It was noted that for seeds with a moisture content of 8.8 %, an increase in the gap led to a decrease in the dehulling efficiency for each of the three investigated seed fractions. The total number of dehulled kernels under such conditions decreased by 2.4–6.8 % and amounted to 16.4–26.9 %. For seeds with a moisture content of 12.0 %, an increase in the gap, on the contrary, increased the dehulling efficiency for each of the three investigated seed fractions. The total number of dehulled kernels for seeds of marked moisture increased within the range of 1.4–3.6 % and amounted to 27.4–31.0 %.
The influence of combine drive design parameters on corn grain harvesting efficiency
(2025) Khvostenko, D.; Горбенко, Олександр Вікторович; Gorbenko, O. V.
The article investigates the impact of design parameters of grain combine harvester drives on the productivity, efficiency, and quality of corn grain harvesting. Considering current requirements for agrotechnological processes, particular attention is paid to the type of power transmission, gear ratio, adaptability of control systems, and energy efficiency of the drives. The research was conducted under field test conditions using modified models of combine harvesters equipped with different types of drive systems: mechanical, hydraulic, and adaptive hydraulic. The conducted analysis proves that the design parameters of the drive system significantly influence the technical and operational performance during corn harvesting. Specifically, parameters such as transmission type, gear ratio, adaptability, and energy efficiency determine the operational stability, grain loss rate, fuel consumption, and the quality of grain cleaning. The study results showed that the most effective system is the adaptive hydraulic drive, which ensures productivity of 33.2 t/h, minimizes grain losses to 0.6%, and reduces specific fuel consumption to 1.5 L/t. Mathematical analysis revealed a high degree of correlation between productivity and grain losses, cleaning quality, and energy consumption, confirming the advisability of improving drives in the direction of flexible mode regulation. The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying a quantitative relationship between the drive type and the combine's comprehensive efficiency indicators, justifying the implementation of adaptive hydraulic systems in harvesting machinery. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the obtained results for modernizing the existing fleet of machines and developing new technical solutions aimed at increasing productivity and reducing energy consumption in the grain harvesting process. The obtained results can serve as a basis for improving the existing designs of grain harvesters and for developing new adaptive drive systems that meet energy-saving, reliability, and high-quality technological process requirements.

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Перегляд Фахові видання. Факультет інженерно-технологічний за Автор "Gorbenko, O. V."

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