Друковані видання. Кафедра захист рослин
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Publication Biological mechanisms of invasiveness of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and innovative control approaches(2025-12-03) Оніпко, Валентина Володимирівна; Onipko, V. V.; Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович; Pospelov, S. V.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Pospelova, H; Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Kovalenko, N. P.The purpose of the review was to summarize current scientific approaches to studying the biological mechanisms of invasiveness of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., to identify ecological and agroeconomic risks associated with its spread, and to analyze innovative strategies for controlling this dangerous weed. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is one of the most aggressive invasive species of the Asteraceae family, posing a significant threat to agroecosystems, natural biodiversity, and human health. Its spread under conditions of trade globalization and climate change has reached a large scale, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research on the bioecological characteristics of this species and the development of comprehensive control strategies. The high invasive potential of A. artemisiifolia is determined by a complex of adaptive traits: rapid initial growth, tolerance to various soil types and climatic conditions, a powerful root system, cross-pollination, and pronounced seed heteromorphism. These features ensure the formation of persistent soil “seed banks” that support long-term population recovery even after mechanical or agronomic interventions. In addition, the considerable genetic variability of the species promotes local adaptation to changing climatic and anthropogenic factors, complicating control efforts across regions. It was emphasized that the expansion of ragweed in Europe and Asia leads to reduced crop yields, displacement of native species, and ecosystem degradation. Losses in the agricultural sector are associated with both direct decreases in the productivity of maize, sunflower, soybean, and other crops, and with increasing costs of herbicide application. However, chemical control is complicated by the development of resistance to major groups of herbicides. This underlines the relevance of integrated weed management approaches, that combine agronomic practices (crop rotation, optimization of sowing density, cultivation of competitive crops), biological control (entomophages, phytopathogens, microbial preparations), chemical methods, and environmentally safe technologies. A promising direction is the use of modern geographic information systems, remote sensing methods, and mathematical modeling to monitor the spread of A. artemisiifolia and predict its invasion dynamics under climate change. Such an approach makes it possible to identify priority control areas and effectively allocate resources. Further research should focus on improving adaptive integrated management systems for ragweed populations, assessing the long-term consequences of its invasion for biodiversity and human health, and developing ecologically oriented models of sustainable land use.Publication Comparative characteristics of morphometric indicators of quarantine species of the genus Cuscuta (Cuscuta L.) growing in Ukraine(2025-12-08) Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Kovalenko, N. P.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Самородов, Віктор Миколайович; Samorodov, V. M.; Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович; Pospelov, S. V.; Pospielov, S.; Оніпко, Валентина Володимирівна; Onipko, V. V.A review is devoted to the comparative characteristics of the morphometric and biological features of doddlers in Ukraine based on a scientific source base. The systematic position of the common quarantine parasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta L. (dodder), commonly found in Ukraine, is presented. A morphometric analysis of 15 species is provided, highlighting differences in stem diameter, length, and color, features of the flower structure, types of inflorescences, and fruit shape. The literature data indicate a high degree of similarity among Cuscuta species prevalent in our country, which significantly complicates their identification in natural environments and agrocenoses, and is insufficient for clear and, more importantly, unmistakable identification by professionals in applied branches of the agricultural industry. Knowledge of the biological characteristics of Cuscuta species is important for understanding their spread and high naturalization potential. Currently, this information is quite fragmented and insufficiently studied. Information is presented regarding the most studied species, namely: C. campestris Yunck., C. trifolii Bab., C. europaea L., C. epilinum Weihe, C. Lemanniana Bge., C. lupuliformis Krock. and C. epithymym L. An important factor in the formation of the infectious background in agrocenoses and natural environments is the seed viability period. It has been established that the longest period of preservation of its viability is observed in C. trifolii Bab. (10-12 years); up to 6 years in C. campestris Yunck, C. europaea L., and C. Lemanniana Bge. The shortest viability period is up to one year (in the soil) in C. epilinum Weihe. However, there are reports about the possibility of preserving seed viability for up to 25–30 years under conditions unfavorable for its germination. In our opinion, this is due to such a phenomenon as "hardseededness". The formation of the seed bank in the soil is also influenced by the fertility of the species. Among the Cuscuta species growing in Ukraine, this indicator has been established only for seven species: C. campestris Yunck., C. trifolii Bab., C. europaea L., C epilinum Weihe, C. Lemanniana Bge., C. lupuliformis Krock., and C. epithymym L. The largest number of seeds per plant is produced by C. Lemanniana Bge. (up to 100.000) and C. campestris Yunck. (up to 114.000). The period of emergence of seedlings has been found to be March-May. It depends on the soil temperature and the depth of seed placement. It has been determined that at a soil temperature of 16–25 ⁰С, mass seed germination occurs in May-June. The flowering period is extended and lasts from June to August.Publication Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) as a potentially dangerous quarantine pest of Ukraine’s dendroflora(2025-12-03) Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Kovalenko, N. P.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Pysarenko, V. M.; Hibolenko, I.The aim of this review is to consolidate current knowledge on the biology and distribution of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), assess its impact on ash species, and analyze the expansion of this quarantine phytophagous pest’s range in Ukraine. The spread of invasive insects is one of the most pressing challenges in modern forestry, as it leads to biodiversity loss, reduced stability, and decreased productivity of forest stands. The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is considered particularly dangerous due to its rapid colonization of new territories and severe damage to ash plantations. To minimize risks and prevent large-scale outbreaks, a set of preventive measures has been developed, focusing on early detection and containment of the pest. A key element of this strategy is the identification of infested areas and the implementation of systematic population monitoring. For this purpose, colored (purple, green) and pheromone traps are used, installed at well-lit forest edges at a density of one trap per 5 hectares before the expected flight of adults. Infestation diagnosis is carried out by removing bark to detect larval galleries, which allows timely confirmation of colonization. Affected trees should be promptly removed through selective or clear sanitary fellings during the autumn–winter period, followed by wood disposal. Preventive measures also include temporary restriction of large-scale ash plantations and the establishment of optimally dense stands, which enhances ecosystem resilience. An important component of biological control is the preservation and attraction of entomophagous species, particularly insectivorous birds such as woodpeckers, which effectively prey on larvae and pupae during overwintering. In regions where A. planipennis has not yet been detected, monitoring surveys are conducted to identify new invasions and assess potential risks of expansion. The findings have practical significance for improving monitoring systems and preventive strategies against hazardous pests, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring the ecological stability of forest ecosystems.Publication Monitoring the collection of the Ustimivsky Dendrological Park for detection of harmful agents(2025-12-03) Bilyk, O.; Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Pysarenko, V. M.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Kovalenko, N. P.The Ustymivsky Dendrological Park is one of the oldest and most valuable nature conservation areas in Ukraine, established to preserve, study, and introduce tree and shrub species in the steppe zone. Its dendroflora collection comprises more than 470 taxa, ensuring unique biodiversity, yet requiring constant monitoring and protection. The preservation of plants ex situ is complicated by the influence of multiple stress factors, including climate change, abiotic stressors, as well as invasive and native pests. The mass spread of phytophagous insects in collection plantations may result in the loss of valuable species, a decline in ornamental value, and reduced ecological stability of the park ecosystem. Comprehensive long-term studies of the phytosanitary condition of the dendrological park made it possible to identify more than 50 pest species. The most dangerous among them are adelgids, the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer), spindle ermine moth (Yponomeuta cagnagellus), the ash blister beetle (Agrilus convexicollis), rose chafers (Cetoniinae), the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), and the horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella). The population dynamics of these phytophages, their developmental characteristics, seasonal patterns of harmfulness, and the scale of damage to individual tree and shrub species were determined. Special emphasis was placed on invasive species that actively expand their range under climate warming and represent a serious threat to introduced plants. The results of the research confirmed that the exclusive use of mechanical and biological control methods is insufficient to ensure the stability of plantations within the protected area. The most effective strategy has proven to be an integrated approach that combines regular monitoring, pest population forecasting, biological regulation techniques, and the limited application of chemical treatments while complying with ecological safety standards. The findings are of significant practical importance for improving the protection system of the dendrological park’s collections, conserving the plant gene pool, and maintaining biodiversity. They may serve as a scientific basis for the development of long-term phytosanitary monitoring and management programs for plantations in protected natural areas.