Друковані видання. Кафедра захист рослин

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Agroecological characteristics of the polyphagous pest complex in wheat agrocenoses
(2025-12-03) Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Pysarenko, V. M.; Піщаленко, Марина Анатоліївна; Pishchalenko, M. A.; Kripak, A.; Логвиненко, Вадим Васильович; Lohvynenko, V. V.; Holtvianytsia, T.
The relevance of the research is determined by the increasing impact of polyphagous pests on wheat agrocenoses in Ukraine, driven by both climate change and the adoption of new agricultural practices. Changes in climatic conditions and landscape structures require the development of new approaches to pest population control to ensure the stability and high productivity of wheat. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the agroecological characteristics of the main representatives of the polyphagous pest complex of wheat agrocenoses and their influence on crop yield. The results of the research conducted from 2022 to 2024 indicate that among the polyphagous pests of wheat, the greatest damage is caused by groups such as rodents, leaf-eating and root-feeding moths, grasshoppers, and soil pests. In particular, voles and mice cause harm at the early stages of wheat development by damaging the root system and shoots, which reduces yield. Ground squirrels can cause losses both at the germination stage and during the ear formation. Among the leaf-feeding moths, the cotton bollworm and the gamma moth are the most harmful, actively damaging wheat leaves at all stages of development, which reduces photosynthetic activity and yield. The grass moth also causes damage, but to a lesser extent. Furthermore, locust pests, particularly the locust, have a high potential for mass migration and can inflict substantial damage to large areas. They are especially dangerous in warm and dry seasons. As for soil pests such as click beetles and darkling beetles, their impact on wheat lies in damaging the root system, which also limits plant growth and development. The study also revealed the role of agroecosystems in the distribution of polyphagous pests through the alternation of cultivated and natural biotopes. Overall, the results of the research confirm that effective management of these pest populations requires a comprehensive approach, combining monitoring, agronomic practices, and the use of biological and chemical control methods.
Assessment of landfills and their impact on the soil: a local study in Ukraine
(2024) Pysarenko, P. V.; Samoilik, M. S.; Pysarenko, V. M.; Mostoviak, I.; Taranenko, A. O.; Taranenko, S. V.; Dychenko, O. Yu.; Lastovka, V.; Husinsky, D.; Писаренко, Павло Вікторович; Самойлік, Марина Сергіївна; Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Мостов'як, І. І.; Тараненко, Анна Олексіївна; Тараненко, Сергій Володимирович; Диченко, Оксана Юріївна; Ластовка, В.; Гусинський, Д.
Landfills are widely utilised for waste disposal due to their economic advantages and ease of implementation compared to alternative methods. However, landfills exert significant environmental and health impacts on adjacent agricultural land. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil is a risk to ecological and food safety. Methodological approaches to assess and mitigate the impact of landfills on agricultural land are essential for ensuring sustainable land use practices and safeguarding human health. In this study, landfills were assessed at the local level, and the hazard level was classified according to it. A set of priority measures for restoring technogenic disturbed areas and minimising their impact on agricultural land was determined. The need to select a set of innovative, ecologically oriented methods for remediation of landfills, depending on the type and degree of soil contamination, was identified in context of ensuring environmental and food security.
Biological mechanisms of invasiveness of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and innovative control approaches
(2025-12-03) Оніпко, Валентина Володимирівна; Onipko, V. V.; Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович; Pospelov, S. V.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Pospelova, H; Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Kovalenko, N. P.
The purpose of the review was to summarize current scientific approaches to studying the biological mechanisms of invasiveness of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., to identify ecological and agroeconomic risks associated with its spread, and to analyze innovative strategies for controlling this dangerous weed. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is one of the most aggressive invasive species of the Asteraceae family, posing a significant threat to agroecosystems, natural biodiversity, and human health. Its spread under conditions of trade globalization and climate change has reached a large scale, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research on the bioecological characteristics of this species and the development of comprehensive control strategies. The high invasive potential of A. artemisiifolia is determined by a complex of adaptive traits: rapid initial growth, tolerance to various soil types and climatic conditions, a powerful root system, cross-pollination, and pronounced seed heteromorphism. These features ensure the formation of persistent soil “seed banks” that support long-term population recovery even after mechanical or agronomic interventions. In addition, the considerable genetic variability of the species promotes local adaptation to changing climatic and anthropogenic factors, complicating control efforts across regions. It was emphasized that the expansion of ragweed in Europe and Asia leads to reduced crop yields, displacement of native species, and ecosystem degradation. Losses in the agricultural sector are associated with both direct decreases in the productivity of maize, sunflower, soybean, and other crops, and with increasing costs of herbicide application. However, chemical control is complicated by the development of resistance to major groups of herbicides. This underlines the relevance of integrated weed management approaches, that combine agronomic practices (crop rotation, optimization of sowing density, cultivation of competitive crops), biological control (entomophages, phytopathogens, microbial preparations), chemical methods, and environmentally safe technologies. A promising direction is the use of modern geographic information systems, remote sensing methods, and mathematical modeling to monitor the spread of A. artemisiifolia and predict its invasion dynamics under climate change. Such an approach makes it possible to identify priority control areas and effectively allocate resources. Further research should focus on improving adaptive integrated management systems for ragweed populations, assessing the long-term consequences of its invasion for biodiversity and human health, and developing ecologically oriented models of sustainable land use.
Comparative characteristics of morphometric indicators of quarantine species of the genus Cuscuta (Cuscuta L.) growing in Ukraine
(2025-12-08) Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Kovalenko, N. P.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Самородов, Віктор Миколайович; Samorodov, V. M.; Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович; Pospelov, S. V.; Pospielov, S.; Оніпко, Валентина Володимирівна; Onipko, V. V.
A review is devoted to the comparative characteristics of the morphometric and biological features of doddlers in Ukraine based on a scientific source base. The systematic position of the common quarantine parasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta L. (dodder), commonly found in Ukraine, is presented. A morphometric analysis of 15 species is provided, highlighting differences in stem diameter, length, and color, features of the flower structure, types of inflorescences, and fruit shape. The literature data indicate a high degree of similarity among Cuscuta species prevalent in our country, which significantly complicates their identification in natural environments and agrocenoses, and is insufficient for clear and, more importantly, unmistakable identification by professionals in applied branches of the agricultural industry. Knowledge of the biological characteristics of Cuscuta species is important for understanding their spread and high naturalization potential. Currently, this information is quite fragmented and insufficiently studied. Information is presented regarding the most studied species, namely: C. campestris Yunck., C. trifolii Bab., C. europaea L., C. epilinum Weihe, C. Lemanniana Bge., C. lupuliformis Krock. and C. epithymym L. An important factor in the formation of the infectious background in agrocenoses and natural environments is the seed viability period. It has been established that the longest period of preservation of its viability is observed in C. trifolii Bab. (10-12 years); up to 6 years in C. campestris Yunck, C. europaea L., and C. Lemanniana Bge. The shortest viability period is up to one year (in the soil) in C. epilinum Weihe. However, there are reports about the possibility of preserving seed viability for up to 25–30 years under conditions unfavorable for its germination. In our opinion, this is due to such a phenomenon as "hardseededness". The formation of the seed bank in the soil is also influenced by the fertility of the species. Among the Cuscuta species growing in Ukraine, this indicator has been established only for seven species: C. campestris Yunck., C. trifolii Bab., C. europaea L., C epilinum Weihe, C. Lemanniana Bge., C. lupuliformis Krock., and C. epithymym L. The largest number of seeds per plant is produced by C. Lemanniana Bge. (up to 100.000) and C. campestris Yunck. (up to 114.000). The period of emergence of seedlings has been found to be March-May. It depends on the soil temperature and the depth of seed placement. It has been determined that at a soil temperature of 16–25 ⁰С, mass seed germination occurs in May-June. The flowering period is extended and lasts from June to August.
Correction of sowing quality of medicinal plants seeds with echinaceia extracts
(2024) Pospielov, S. V.; Mishchenko, O. V.; Onipko, V. V.; Pospielova, G. D.; Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович; Міщенко, Олег Вікторович; Оніпко, Валентина Володимирівна; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна
The paper presents experimental data on the effect of echinacea extracts on the sowing qualities of medicinal herbs. The biological activity of extracts obtained from the areal part (EAP) and rhizomes with roots (ERS) of pale echinacea was investigated. The object of study was the sowing quality of the seeds of such medicinal plants as blue cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), purple echinacea (Echinacea purpurea (L. Moench.), pale echinacea (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), forest mallow (Malva sylvestris L.), which are of industrial importance for medicinal plants. The seeds were soaked in 0.01%-0.0001% solutions of extracts, under the control they were treated with water, after that they were germinated in Petri dishes by generally accepted methods according to the standards. The best results were obtained in mallow seed extracts. The solution of EAP at a concentration of 0.001% increased the energy of germination by 19.2% compared to the control, and when using ERS in all concentrations, a positive effect was obtained (by 18.2 %-23.6% to the control). Germination of variants treated with EAP solutions increased by 1.12-1.21 times, and ERS – by 1.09-1.21 times. Treatment of Echinacea purple seeds with EAP solutions was not effective, but rhizome extract treatment with roots had a positive effect on both germination energy and germination resulting 12.0%-17.3% and 8.3%-9.5% compared to the control, respectively. Similar regularities were observed in variants with the treatment of Echinacea seeds with extracts in different concentrations. The action of EAP solutions did not statistically exceed the control, but when using ERS, the results reliably exceeded the control by 10.8%-13.8% (germination energy) and by 11.0%- 17.8% (germination). Treatment of St. John's wort and cornflower seeds with extracts did not lead to changes in seed quality indicators. A general trend of greater activity of extracts in concentrations of 0.01%-0.001% was observed.
Cтратегії захисту насіння ячменю ярого від хвороб
(2021) Кандиба, Станіслав Миколайович; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна
Differential species traits of Trichostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae)
(2020) Yevstafieva, V. O.; Євстаф’єва, Валентина Олександрівна ; Стародуб, Євген Сергійович; Pysarenko, V. M.; Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Barabolia, O. V.; Бараболя, Ольга Валеріївна; Нікіфорова, О. В.
Digital technologies in the management of phytosanitary risks in agricultural production
(2025-12-08) Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Pysarenko, V. M.; Shereshylo, О.
The intensification of phytosanitary risks in the agricultural sector is driven by a combination of factors, among which climate change, the expansion of international trade, the increasing biological adaptability of harmful organisms to protective agents, and the declining effectiveness of traditional monitoring and control systems are predominant. As a result, the threat of the spread of quarantine organisms intensifies, the phytosanitary condition of crops deteriorates, and crop losses increase. This situation necessitates the search for innovative risk management approaches, with digital technologies playing a key role. The application of digital solutions enables rapid data collection, processing, and visualization, supports the forecasting of pest and disease dynamics, and facilitates informed decision-making both at the individual farm level and within regional agro-systems. The aim of this study is to analyze the potential of digital tools for monitoring, forecasting, and mitigating phytosanitary risks in agricultural production, as well as to assess their effectiveness and limitations. The review employs systems and comparative analysis, synthesis of scientific sources, content analysis of English-language publications from Scopus/Web of Science databases, case studies of leading digital platforms (EOS Crop Monitoring, Cropio, Xarvio, BAS Agro), and an examination of the regulatory framework for implementing digital technologies in the agricultural sector. A typology of phytosanitary risks is identified- biological, agro-climatic, managerial, economic, regulatory, and technological- and their impact on agricultural production efficiency is analyzed. The digital technologies used for risk management are described, including monitoring systems based on drones, sensors, satellite imagery, as well as forecasting models utilizing GIS technologies and machine learning methods. Examples of the effective use of online platforms for threat detection, damage assessment, and decision support are presented. It has been established that digital solutions contribute to improving the profitability of agribusiness, provide a foundation for the environmental sustainability of production, and ensure the flexibility and adaptability of agricultural enterprises to external challenges. At the same time, key implementation barriers have been identified – infrastructure, financial, educational, and regulatory – which require targeted support from the state, innovative businesses, and educational institutions.
Directions of adaptation of agricultural market to the climate change
(2019) Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Писаренко, Павло Вікторович; Писаренко, Володимир Вікторович; Горб, Олег Олександрович
Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) as a potentially dangerous quarantine pest of Ukraine’s dendroflora
(2025-12-03) Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Kovalenko, N. P.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Pysarenko, V. M.; Hibolenko, I.
The aim of this review is to consolidate current knowledge on the biology and distribution of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), assess its impact on ash species, and analyze the expansion of this quarantine phytophagous pest’s range in Ukraine. The spread of invasive insects is one of the most pressing challenges in modern forestry, as it leads to biodiversity loss, reduced stability, and decreased productivity of forest stands. The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is considered particularly dangerous due to its rapid colonization of new territories and severe damage to ash plantations. To minimize risks and prevent large-scale outbreaks, a set of preventive measures has been developed, focusing on early detection and containment of the pest. A key element of this strategy is the identification of infested areas and the implementation of systematic population monitoring. For this purpose, colored (purple, green) and pheromone traps are used, installed at well-lit forest edges at a density of one trap per 5 hectares before the expected flight of adults. Infestation diagnosis is carried out by removing bark to detect larval galleries, which allows timely confirmation of colonization. Affected trees should be promptly removed through selective or clear sanitary fellings during the autumn–winter period, followed by wood disposal. Preventive measures also include temporary restriction of large-scale ash plantations and the establishment of optimally dense stands, which enhances ecosystem resilience. An important component of biological control is the preservation and attraction of entomophagous species, particularly insectivorous birds such as woodpeckers, which effectively prey on larvae and pupae during overwintering. In regions where A. planipennis has not yet been detected, monitoring surveys are conducted to identify new invasions and assess potential risks of expansion. The findings have practical significance for improving monitoring systems and preventive strategies against hazardous pests, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring the ecological stability of forest ecosystems.
Formation of pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) seed productivity in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
(2025-12-08) Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович; Pospelov, S. V.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Zezekalo, Ye.; Оніпко, Валентина Володимирівна; Onipko, V. V.; Manachynskyi, O.
The study results of seed productivity of pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.), a promising medicinal and honey crop are presented. The research was conducted in the conditions of production plantations of Poltava region. It was established that at the early stages of ontogenesis, pale purple coneflower developed slowly: the first sprouts appeared 11–15 days after sowing and this period extended to 20–25 days. The cotyledon leaf phase lasted about for 7–9 days, and the first true leaf was formed during 25–32 days. The above-ground part and root system grew slowly in the first two months, their development accelerated from July. By the end of the vegetation, the plant formed a rosette of leaves and a fleshy vertically thickened rhizome. The generative period of pale purple coneflower began from the second year of growing season. Flowering lasted on the average for 46–52 days, starting in June. Plants reached a height of 85 cm, forming from 1 to 9 generative stems (on the average – 5.4). The average number of seeds per plant made 2770 pieces, and thousand-seed weight varied within 2.3–3.55 g. The morphometric study of the parameters of different orders’ inflorescences on the shoot shows that the anthodia of the first-fourth orders were characterized by the largest diameter (3.02–3.60 cm) and the height of the inflorescences (2.443.25 cm). The first three inflorescences provided 68 % of the total seeds’ weight from the plant, which indicates their highest productivity and value. It is emphasized that the sowing qualities of pale purple coneflower seeds are limited by a long period of organic dormancy. Laboratory germination of freshly harvested seeds from inflorescences of the first order did not exceed 60%, but of inflorescences of the second and third orders was 75–78 %. Infectious structures of five fungi genera (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Stachybotrys) were found on the achenia. To increase germination, it is recommended to conduct stratification at a temperature of +4–5°C for at least 60 days. It was concluded that seed crops of pale purple coneflower can be used more rationally by harvesting inflorescences of the fourth and higher orders for pharmaceutical needs. Taking into account the biological characteristics of the crop will contribute to increasing the yield and ensuring the stable cultivation of this promising plant.
Formation of pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) seed productivity in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
(2025) Pospielov, S. V.; Pospielova, G. D.; Zezekalo, Ye.; Onipko, V. V.; Manachynskyi, O.; Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Зезекало, Є. О.; Оніпко, Валентина Володимирівна; Маначинський, О. І.
The study results of seed productivity of pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.), a promising medicinal and honey crop are presented. The research was conducted in the conditions of production plantations of Poltava region. It was established that at the early stages of ontogenesis, pale purple coneflower developed slowly: the first sprouts appeared 11–15 days after sowing and this period extended to 20–25 days. The cotyledon leaf phase lasted about for 7–9 days, and the first true leaf was formed during 25–32 days. The above-ground part and root system grew slowly in the first two months, their development accelerated from July. By the end of the vegetation, the plant formed a rosette of leaves and a fleshy vertically thickened rhizome. The generative period of pale purple coneflower began from the second year of growing season. Flowering lasted on the average for 46–52 days, starting in June. Plants reached a height of 85 cm, forming from 1 to 9 generative stems (on the average – 5.4). The average number of seeds per plant made 2770 pieces, and thousand-seed weight varied within 2.3–3.55 g. The morphometric study of the parameters of different orders’ inflorescences on the shoot shows that the anthodia of the first-fourth orders were characterized by the largest diameter (3.02–3.60 cm) and the height of the inflorescences (2.44–3.25 cm). The first three inflorescences provided 68 % of the total seeds’ weight from the plant, which indicates their highest productivity and value. It is emphasized that the sowing qualities of pale purple coneflower seeds are limited by a long period of organic dormancy. Laboratory germination of freshly harvested seeds from inflorescences of the first order did not exceed 60%, but of inflorescences of the second and third orders was 75–78 %. Infectious structures of five fungi genera (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Stachybotrys) were found on the achenia. To increase germination, it is recommended to conduct stratification at a temperature of +4–5°C for at least 60 days. It was concluded that seed crops of pale purple coneflower can be used more rationally by harvesting inflorescences of the fourth and higher orders for pharmaceutical needs. Taking into account the biological characteristics of the crop will contribute to increasing the yield and ensuring the stable cultivation of this promising plant.
Modern strategy of integrated plant protection
(2020) Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Піщаленко, Марина Анатоліївна; Нечипоренко, Наталія Іванівна; Шерстюк, Олена Леонідівна
Monitoring the collection of the Ustimivsky Dendrological Park for detection of harmful agents
(2025-12-03) Bilyk, O.; Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Pysarenko, V. M.; Поспєлова, Ганна Дмитрівна; Pospielova, G. D.; Коваленко, Нінель Павлівна; Kovalenko, N. P.
The Ustymivsky Dendrological Park is one of the oldest and most valuable nature conservation areas in Ukraine, established to preserve, study, and introduce tree and shrub species in the steppe zone. Its dendroflora collection comprises more than 470 taxa, ensuring unique biodiversity, yet requiring constant monitoring and protection. The preservation of plants ex situ is complicated by the influence of multiple stress factors, including climate change, abiotic stressors, as well as invasive and native pests. The mass spread of phytophagous insects in collection plantations may result in the loss of valuable species, a decline in ornamental value, and reduced ecological stability of the park ecosystem. Comprehensive long-term studies of the phytosanitary condition of the dendrological park made it possible to identify more than 50 pest species. The most dangerous among them are adelgids, the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer), spindle ermine moth (Yponomeuta cagnagellus), the ash blister beetle (Agrilus convexicollis), rose chafers (Cetoniinae), the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), and the horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella). The population dynamics of these phytophages, their developmental characteristics, seasonal patterns of harmfulness, and the scale of damage to individual tree and shrub species were determined. Special emphasis was placed on invasive species that actively expand their range under climate warming and represent a serious threat to introduced plants. The results of the research confirmed that the exclusive use of mechanical and biological control methods is insufficient to ensure the stability of plantations within the protected area. The most effective strategy has proven to be an integrated approach that combines regular monitoring, pest population forecasting, biological regulation techniques, and the limited application of chemical treatments while complying with ecological safety standards. The findings are of significant practical importance for improving the protection system of the dendrological park’s collections, conserving the plant gene pool, and maintaining biodiversity. They may serve as a scientific basis for the development of long-term phytosanitary monitoring and management programs for plantations in protected natural areas.
Morphometric Analysis of Сapillaria anatis (Nematoda, Capillariidae) from Anas platyrhynchos domesticus
(2020) Yevstafieva, V. O.; Stybel, V. V.; Melnychuk, V. V.; Pishchalenko, M. A.; Korchan, L. M.; Kone, M. S.; Nagorna, L. V.; Feshchenko, D. V.; Antipov, A. A.; Bakhur, T. I.; Піщаленко, Марина Анатоліївна; Євстаф’єва, Валентина Олександрівна; Мельничук, Віталій Васильович; Коне, Мохамед Сумана
Species composition, bioecological characteristics, and population dynamics of pests of perennial leguminous grasses
(2025-12-03) Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Pysarenko, V. M.; Піщаленко, Марина Анатоліївна; Pishchalenko, M. A.; Skliar, S.; Vovk, E.
Perennial leguminous grasses are important forage crops in the agrocenoses of Ukraine, but their productivity is significantly reduced due to damage from various pests. The insect pest fauna of perennial leguminous grasses is dominated by beetles (31 %), followed by thrips (20 %), moths (20 %), hemipterans (11 %), and true bugs (8 %). This study aims to systematize information on the species composition of pests, their bioecological characteristics, and the dynamics of their populations. The research conducted from 2023 to 2025 showed that the main pests of perennial leguminous grasses in Ukraine are root weevils, alfalfa weevils, clover root bugs, pea aphids, and clover seed weevils. Additionally, the pest complex includes the yellow alfalfa seed weevil, alfalfa root weevil larvae, and thrips, which can pose a threat to crops under favorable weather conditions. Throughout 2023–2025, the population of root weevils remained stable with slight fluctuations that did not significantly affect the overall condition of the crops. The population of alfalfa weevils decreased in 2024 compared to 2023 and continued to decline in 2025. The number of clover root bugs remained stable, showing no significant variation. Aphid populations slightly decreased in 2024, indicating reduced pest harm, though their numbers are still relatively high, requiring constant monitoring. The population of alfalfa leafhoppers has steadily decreased. The zonal dynamics revealed that the main areas of pest distribution are the Steppe and Forest-Steppe regions, where warm conditions promote the development of pests such as root weevils, alfalfa weevils, clover root bugs, and alfalfa leafhoppers. In contrast, the Polissya region has less favorable conditions for pest development due to lower temperatures and a shorter growing season. Therefore, understanding the bioecological characteristics and population dynamics of pests is crucial for developing effective integrated pest management strategies for perennial leguminous grasses.
The peculiarities of agglutinins’ activity in male and female plants of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.)
(2025-12-03) Самородов, Віктор Миколайович; Samorodov, V. M.; Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович; Pospelov, S. V.; Pospielov, S
Lectins, or hemagglutinins, are protein compounds that are capable of selectively and reversibly binding carbohydrates without their chemical transformation, exhibiting the property of agglutinating cells and particles. Owing to their different functions, they have significant theoretical and applied importance in biology and medicine, which makes the search for new sources of these substances topical. Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.), the only modern representative of Ginkgopsida class, is known for its rich phytochemical composition, which determines the use of its raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of the study was to determine the pH profile of phytohemagglutinins’ activity in cone berries, buds, leaves and one-year shoots of female and male ginkgo trees. The objects were the samples collected from plantings in Poltava. The study was conducted using the standard method for assessing the degree of human hemagglutination. The accumulated experimental data showed that agglutinins were present in all the studied plant organs however their activity varied significantly depending on the tissue and sex of the trees. In cone berries, the maximum activity was recorded in the pedicle and collar, while in seeds proteins were concentrated mainly in the sclerotesta. The vegetative organs also showed sexual differentiation: in female trees, the lectins’ activity in the buds, shoots, and especially in the leaves was significantly higher than in male trees. At the same time, in the leaf blades of female trees, the level of hemagglutination in the pH range of 6.0–8.0 reached 12.3 points, while in male trees it did not exceed 6.5 points. The most pronounced differences were observed in the alkaline pH zone, where the activity reached the maximum values. The obtained results confirm the new fact for the science – the presence of agglutinins in Ginkgo biloba L. and their different localization depending on the organ and sex of the plant. The revealed conformities to the laws of nature may have practical significance as marker traits for identifying female and male plants in the pre-reproductive period of ontogenesis, which is promising for pharmacognostic and biotechnological research.
А. Є. Зайкевич і Полтавщина: факти, документи, бібліографія
(2022) Самородов, Віктор Миколайович; Поспєлов, Сергій Вікторович
Викладено найбільш повне систематизоване авторське бачення творчої долі класика української аграрної науки А. Є. Зайкевича на прикладі його зв'язків із своєю малою батьківщиною – Полтавщиною. Констатовано синергізм цих стосунків, їх різнопланову складову, творчий зміст якої залишається актуальним.
Авторська агроекологічна парадигма Героя України Семена Антонця
(2024-10-31) Писаренко, Віктор Микитович; Антонець, Антоніна Семенівна; Писаренко, Павло Вікторович; Самородов, Віктор Миколайович; Піщаленко, Марина Анатоліївна; Логвиненко, Вадим Васильович
Навряд чи десь в Україні знайдеться господарство у якому в історичному та часовому вимірі використовуються 140-річні напрацювання Полтавського дослідного поля та його правонаступниці – Полтавської сільськогосподарської дослідної станції імені М. І. Вавилова Інституту свинарства і АВ НААН. Однак таким прикладом є потужне і розвинене господарство – ПП «Агроекологія» Миргородського району Полтавської області, вибудоване працею та інтелектом видатного аграрія сучасності – Семена Свиридоновича Антонця (1935–2022).
Аграрний просвітник О. О. Іллічевський (1865-1941)
(2020) Самородов, Віктор Миколайович; Халимон, Олена Володимирівна

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