Міжнародні видання. Навчально-науковий інститут агротехнологій, селекції та екології

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Adaptive properties of plants and yield of energy crops under different growing conditions: A case study from Ukraine
(2026-02-19) Kaletnik, G.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Kulyk, M. I.; Pryshliak, N.; Дьомін, Дмитро Геннадійович; D’omin, D.; Rozhko, І.
In Ukraine, balancing agricultural efficiency, food security, and energy development is crucial. Energy crops of fer a sustainable raw material due to their adaptability and high biomass yields, supporting biofuel production and value-added products like bioplastics and paper. However, the war has severely degraded agricultural land, necessitating reclamation efforts to restore productivity and enhance bioenergy potential. A five-year field study (2019–2023) in Ukraine’s forest-steppe and steppe zones assessed energy crop yields on marginal lands. Research methods included field studies, gravimetric biomass analysis, data visualization, and statistical analysis (ANOVA, LSD at 5% significance). Findings showed that drooping sorghum and perennial sorghum exhibited the highest drought resistance, while switchgrass and drooping sorghum demonstrated the best frost resistance. Drooping sorghum also had the greatest lodging resistance, whereas switchgrass and perennial sorghum were more prone to lodging, particularly in the forest-steppe, suggesting a correlation with precipitation levels. The vegetation pe riod varied by region, influenced by plant biology and environmental factors. In the Steppe, it lasted 170.6–192.0 days, with drooping sorghum having the longest cycle. In the forest-steppe, it ranged from 170.3 to 181.3 days, with switchgrass exhibiting the longest duration. Biomass yields were higher in the steppe (7.8–11.2 t/ha) than in the forest-steppe (7.4–10.4 t/ha). Over four years, switchgrass and perennial sorghum achieved the highest total biomass yields: 56.0 t/ha and 53.6 t/ha in the steppe, and 51.9 t/ha and 51.7 t/ha in the forest-steppe, respectively. Drooping sorghum produced 46.1 t/ha (steppe) and 39.9 t/ha (forest-steppe), while big bluestem had the lowest yield (39.1 t/ha and 36.9 t/ha). Switchgrass and perennial sorghum proved to be the most productive and adaptable energy crops. Their stable biomass production makes them promising candidates for biofuel manufacturing. Future research will explore strategies to enhance yields, particularly through spring foliar fertilization on marginal lands.
Assessment of the soil microbial community under energy crops (Panicum virgatum L. and Miscanthus giganteus): a case study from Ukraine
(2026-03-02) Тараненко, Анна Олексіївна; Taranenko, A. O.; Тараненко, Сергій Володимирович; Taranenko, S. V.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Kulyk, M. I.; Rytchenko, A.; Teteriuk, R.
Bioenergy crops are a promising alternative for energy production. They can be grown on inaccessible, degraded, marginal land that is not economically viable for traditional agriculture. At the same time, a broader evaluation of the environmental and ecological impact of energy crop cultivation on land is needed. There are still knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms underlying soil carbon accumulation, especially concerning the involvement of the soil microbiome in facilitating these processes during energy crop cultivation. The present study determined the main ecotrophic and taxonomic groups of soil microbial communities and the direction of soil microbiological processes under Panicum virgatum L. and Miscanthus giganteus growth. Research results showed an initial impact of energy crop growth on soil microbial communities in the soil-climatic conditions of Ukrainian forest-steppe zones. Soils under energy crops are characterized by the highest abundances of the investigated ecological and trophic microbial groups (by 1.2-3 times) compared to control (soil under grassland). The coefficients of microbiological processes determine the high potential for increasing soil fertility under energy crop cultivation. Statistical analysis of the results confirmed a medium and strong correlation between soil microbiological parameters and soil organic carbon content during energy crop growth. Therefore, energy crops can act as ecosystem engineers, improving soil biological and chemical properties and supporting soil ecosystem sustainability.
Assessment of the soil microbial community under energy crops (Panicum Virgatum L. and Miscanthus x Giganteus): a case study in Ukraine
(2026-02-19) Тараненко, Анна Олексіївна; Taranenko, A. O.; Тараненко, Сергій Володимирович; Taranenko, S. V.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Kulyk, M. I.; Rytchenko, A.; Teteriuk, R.
Bioenergy crops are a promising alternative for energy production. They can be grown on inac cessible, degraded, marginal land that is not economically viable for traditional agriculture. At the same time, a broader evaluation of the environmental and ecological impact of energy crop cultiva tion on land is needed. There are still knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms underlying soil carbon accumulation, especially concerning the involvement of the soil microbiome in facilitating these processes during energy crop cultivation. The present study determined the main ecotrophic and taxonomic groups of soil microbial communities and the direction of soil microbiological proc esses under Panicum virgatum L. and Miscanthus giganteus growth. Research results showed an initial impact of energy crop growth on soil microbial communities in the soil-climatic conditions of Ukrainian forest-steppe zones. Soils under energy crops are characterized by the highest abundanc es of the investigated ecological and trophic microbial groups (by 1.2–3 times) compared to control (soil under grassland). The coeffi cients of microbiological processes determine the high potential for increasing soil fertility under energy crop cultivation. Statistical analysis of the results con f i rmed a medium and strong correlation between soil microbiological parameters and soil organic carbon content during energy crop growth. Therefore, energy crops can act as ecosystem engineers, improving soil biological and chemical properties and supporting soil ecosystem sustainability.
Effect of cultivation technology on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) productivity in marginal lands in Ukraine
(2019-09) Taranenko, A. O. ; Kulyk, M. I. ; Galytska, M. A. ; Taranenko, S. V.; Тараненко, Анна Олексіївна; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Галицька, Марина Анатоліївна; Тараненко, Сергій Володимирович
Growing plants for biofuel production on marginal lands is of major importance in many developing countries. As a biomass source, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a most adaptable plastic crop, forming extensive ground cover and vegetative biomass, providing a very high productivity over a short period of time. This study investigated the effects of cultivation (type of growing conditions and N fertilization rates) on biomass yields and changes in the structure of the switchgrass phytocenosis in different types of cropping systems. The biomass yields in stripe and mixed crops were higher than in single crops in the third year of cultivation. Switchgrass plants in intercrops were characterized by a greater height and number of shoots per unit area compared to mixed crops and monocultures. Biomass yields increased with each year of this research. The maximum biomass yields were attained with 30 kg ha −1 of N fertilization and the minimum yields where there was no fertilization.
Efficiency of energy crops cultivation for business development in Ukraine
(2020) Kulyk, M. I.; Kalinichenko, O. V.; Dekovets, V.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Калініченко, Олександр Володимирович
Energy crops: the link between education and science
(University of Opole, Opole 2018, 2018) Gorb, O. O.; Kostenko, O. M.; Kulyk, M. I.; Yasnolob, I. O. ; Kalinichenko, A. V.; Горб, Олег Олександрович; Костенко, Олена Михайлівна; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Яснолоб, Ілона Олександрівна; Калініченко, Антоніна Володимирівна
Involving in energy balance of agriculture industry biological kinds of fuel as renewable resources of accumulated solar energy is one of the critical tasks at present. But, use of energy biomass potential is restricted by agro-industrial technologies to obtain energy and appropriate equipment and technical means absence that would be adapted to functioning conditions and the lack of specialists in this field. Within 10 years of fruitful scientific work we a great deal of information has been compiled, theoretical material and results of researches of energy crops have been summarized and trained students. The basis of theoretical researches was detailed and substantial review of literature references, materials of domestic and foreign scientific publications as well as corresponding practical recommendations and methods. We applied both general scientific methods (dialectics, analysis and synthesis) and special ones for analytical review of literature. It is determined that energy crops are adapted to growing conditions throughout the territory of Ukraine. Also it has been established that management of cultivation, harvesting and storage of energy crop biomass requires improvement and scientific substantiation in the conditions of our country. Environmental issues of energy plantations and carbon circulation require further more complicated study. These problems solving will allow obtaining plant raw material to produce biofuel annually for a long period of time which requires the work of the relevant specialists. That is why, the problem of professional training of the future specialists, forming of social and labour potentiality is paid considerable attention at present. It has been established that education is a branch of social sphere in which stable development of modern activity should be considered as a process of human potential reproduction on the broadened and innovative basis. A poor teachers’ motivation for doing innovative activity results in insufficient application of innovation technologies in the teaching process at higher educational establishment. Furthermore, innovative activity involves stable development of teacher’s creativity as well as changes of activity methods, styles of thinking and information competency formation. Application of the proposed model in the teaching process enables to optimize mastering of theoretical and practical components of the disciplines of natural sciences on the basis of innovative component. Besides, this increases effectiveness of students’ independent work while doing research work together with postgraduates and teachers. It’s help students of agronomic profile to gain new, modern knowledge and become more competitive at the employment market.
Financial and economic management of the efficiency of energy crop production in the system of smart technological development of labor resources
(2026-02-19) Lutkovska, S.; Martyn. O.; Калініченко, Олександр Володимирович; Kalinichenko, O.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Kulyk, M. I.; Prokopenko, O.; Лесюк, Владислав Станіславович; Lesiuk, V.; Лесюк, Альона Станіславівна; Lesiuk, A.
The article presents the author's concept of integrated financial and economic management of energy crop production using the example of growing fireweed in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The study is based on comprehensive monitoring of the agro-technological cycle, the dynamics of biomass indicators, economic feasibility and energy efficiency in the context of innovation challenges. For the first time, the feasibility of combining adaptive agricultural technologies with elements of smart analysis of labor and material resource productivity has been substantiated, which allows not only to increase yield, but also to optimize costs at all stages of the production process. The results demonstrate that the most effective is the spring sowing strategy, which provides the highest level of profitability and the greatest energy profit. The proposed network model allows structuring technological operations in the form of a logistical sequence taking into account calendar periods and resource provision, which is key for planning the load on personnel. The author's methodology for assessing energy efficiency shows that the energy efficiency coefficient indicates an average level of technological feasibility of the selected model. Thus, the presented system is a unique multidimensional platform for managing energy agricultural production, which can be integrated into strategies for sustainable development of rural areas through the prism of technological transformation of labor resources.
IMPACT OF PLANT BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS ON SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF CASTOR-OIL PLANT AND SWITCHGRASS DEPENDING UPON WEATHER CONDITIONS OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
(Riga, Latvia : “Baltija Publishing”, 2018) Kulyk, M. I. ; Shokalo, N. S.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Шокало, Наталія Сергіївна
Abstract. The article has demonstrated the necessity of investigating new, alien crops such ascastor-oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a raw material for production of biofuel and by-products for different fields of industry. The detailed description of plant morphology, and practices regarding increase of seed germination ability of the studied crops have been given. Solid literature overview has been made and attention has been emphasized on the up-to-date of the research of castor-oil plant and switchgrass seed productivity. Expanding of cultivation area enables to provide farmers with seed material as well as processing industry with raw material. In future this will permit to obtain seed material, plant biomass for energy purposes and technical oil of high quality in order to satisfy requirements of strategic fields of industry. Research object is the morphological and biological peculiarities and seed productivity of castor-oil plant and switchgrass depending on quantitative indices of plants considering weather conditions of the vegetation period. Methods. Methods of multi-year research in the forest-steppe of Ukraine are standard for the zone of these crops cultivation and special methodical recommendations have been used as well. The area of seeding plot of land was 54.0 м2, the area of accounting plot of land was 50 м2, experiment Observations and analyses have been applied according to the appropriate research recommendations. Statistical processing of the research results have been done by the analysis of variance as well as correlation and regression analysis, applying licensed computer programme Statistica–6.0. Results. Switchgrass and castor-oil plant response to the environmental conditions has been defined and this enables to allocate these crops in certain soil and climate zones of Ukraine reasonably and choose the ideal elements of the cultivation technology. This will permit to work out farm operations for the development of conditions close to favourable for plant growth and development and providing high productivity of phytomass and seed. It has been determined that studied crops have similar responses to the weather conditions. Under optimal conditions during the vegetation period (hydrothermal coefficient near or more than 1.0) increase of biometric characteristics, seed size and seed productivity has been recorded and vice versa. Established correlation dependencies have proved this factor (r > 0,70). Statistically proved that castor-oil plant provides higher seed productivity (to 2.68 тt/hа) depending on the length and number of clusters per the plant and switchgrass provides seed productivity depending on the length and number of panicle per the plant (to 0,93 t/hа). It has been also defined that seed productivity has close correlation connection with seed yield that is determined by biometric characteristics of the reproductive organs. Conclusion. Considerable impact of air temperature and precipitation on the formation of crop productivity elements has been established according to the results of five-year experiment. Impact of air temperature and precipitation is determinative for switchgrass and castor-oil plants yield and productivity. It has been found that increase of precipitation as well as growth of air temperature is favourable for castor-oil plants yield but much drier weather of the vegetation period is better for switchgrass yield. Taking into consideration research results according to biometric characteristics of plants and seed productivity depending on weather conditions, castor-oil plant can be recommended to cultivate on farms in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine in order to get technical oil of high quality and switchgrass is recommended to be used for biofuel production and energy generation.
IMPACT OF THE SOIL AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS ON THE FORMATION OF THE CROP YIELD AND GERMINATING POWER OF THE SWITCHGRASS (Panicum virgatum L.) SEEDS
(http://www.pimr.poznan.pl/biul/2018_4_KRK.pdf, 2018) Kulyk, M. I.; Rozhko, I. I.; Kurylo, V.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Рожко, Ілона Іванівна
This paper investigates the productivity of the switchgrass seeds (Panicum virgatum L.) in close interaction with the agroecological conditions of the vegetation period. An impact has been established of the storage period on the indicator of the laboratory germination power of the seeds, which has been obtained under different soil conditions. In the future a highquality seed material of the switchgrass can provide better conditions for the growth and development of plants in the initial stages of organogenesis
Phytoremediation Aspectsof Energy Crops Use in Ukraine
(Agrology, 2018) Kulyk, M. I.; Galytska, M. A. ; Samoilik, M. S. ; Zhornyk, I. I.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Галицька, Марина Анатоліївна; Самойлік, Марина Сергіївна; Жорник, Ірина Іванівна
Today clearing of contaminated soils from heavy metals, pesticide residues is very important problem for Ukraine. Soil pollution is considered to be the result of the functioning of metallurgical and chemical industrial enterprises, as well as the irrational application of chemical plant protection means in the agricultural sector. The range of such preparations as well as the areas of contaminated soils are increasing every year. Phytoremediation with the help of herbaceous plants is one of the most effective methods of decontamination. This list of plants should be supplemented by perennial energy crops, taking into account the absorbing powers of their root system. The basis for preparing the material was the multiple scientific literary sources of domestic and foreign scientists on an investigated theme, the working-out of relevant techniques and scientific and practical recommendations. We applied both general scientific methods (dialectics, analysis and synthesis) and special ones for conducting of analytical review of literature. The largest area of soil in Ukraine is contaminated with cobalt, molybdenum, and copper, whose content exceeds not only the background values but also the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). It has been defined that the intensity of heavy metals transition in the system “soil-plant” of the energy crops has the following form Cd→Cu→Zn→Pb. Perennial energy crops are capable to create quickly an above ground phytomass and to form an aggressive root system that enables them to accumulate heavy metals from the soil. They can be new and important plants for phytoremediation. At the same time, the energy crops are allocated in accordance with agroclimatic zoning taking into account plant responses to the growing conditions and also applying the scheme of soil remediation from heavy metals. It has been established that energy crops (Switchgrass and Silvergrass) are Hyperaccumulators. They actively absorb heavy metals and partialy accumulate them in their underground and above ground parts. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass but the maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass and maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. On termination of the vegetation, the above-ground vegetative mass of these plants can undergo to proper processing that is an additional source of non-ferrous metals or biofuel production for energy purposes.
Soybean growing under inoculation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones of Ukraine
(2026-03-03) Білявська, Людмила Григорівна; Biliavska, L. H.; Білявський, Юрій Вікторович; Belyavskiy, Y.; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Kulyk, M. I.; Тараненко, Анна Олексіївна; Taranenko, A. O.; Didovich, S.
The strategic task of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) breeding today is to create highly adaptive cultivars that have a high level of genetic protection from biotic and abiotic environmental factors and are able to maximise the yield potential in combination with a high grain quality. The use of inoculants is an environmentally safe measure that can significantly increase the soybean yield and reduce the level of plant damage by pests. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the biological inoculants based on Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains under different cultivation conditions and dry-resistant soybean cultivars ‘Almaz’ and ‘Antracite’. B. japonicum strains 634b for the ‘Almaz’ were the most effective in the Forest-steppe, as the yield increased by 0.11 t ha-1 compared to that of the control treatment. At the same time, the yield increased by 0.05 t ha-1 due to the application of B. japonicum strains М8. Under these cultivation conditions, for the ‘Antracite’, the B. japonicum strains М8 provided the greatest growth of yield (increased by 0.23 t ha-1 compared to that of the control) and by 0.14 t ha-1 when the B. japonicum strains 634b were used. On the average, over the experimental years, soybean cultivars in the Forest steppe had a much higher yield (2.70–2.88 t ha-1) compared to that of the Steppe (1.28–1.88 t ha-1). Treatment with the B. japonicum strains 634b significantly increased the yield for the ‘Almaz’ and ‘Antracite’ in the Steppe. In the Forest-steppe, the treatment with B. japonicum strains 634b was more effective for the ‘Almaz’ and the one with B. japonicum strains М8 for the ‘Antracite’. Quantitative symbiotic indices of soybeans were higher in the treatment with B. japonicum strains 634b for the ‘Almaz’ in the Forest-steppe and Steppe. In the Steppe, the application of B. japonicum strains М8 was more effective for the ‘Antracite’.
Switchgrass and lupin as phytoremediation crops of contaminated soil
(2020) Kulyk, M. I.; Galytska, M. A. ; Plaksiienko, I. L.; Kocherga, A.; Mishchenko, O. V. ; Кулик, Максим Іванович; Галицька, Марина Анатоліївна; Плаксієнко, Ірина Леонідівна; Міщенко, Олег Вікторович