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Перегляд Кафедра рослинництва за Автор "Czopek, K."
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Публікація Role of Environmental Factors in Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis: A Review(2025) Yeremko, L. S.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Czopek, K.; Staniak, M.; Marenych, M. M.; Маренич, Микола Миколайович; Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир ВасильовичLegumes play a pivotal role in addressing global challenges of food and nutrition security by offering a sustainable source of protein and bioactive compounds. The capacity of legumes to establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia bacteria enables biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizers while enhancing soil health. However, the efficiency of this symbiosis is significantly influenced by environmental factors, such as soil acidity, salinity, temperature, moisture content, light intensity, and nutrient availability. These factors affect key processes, including rhizobia survival, nodule formation, and nitrogenase activity, ultimately determining the growth and productivity of legumes. This review summarizes current knowledge on legume-rhizobia interactions under varying abiotic conditions. It highlights the impact of salinity and acidity in limiting nodule development, soil temperature in regulating microbial community dynamics, and moisture availability in modulating metabolic and hormonal responses during drought and waterlogging. Moreover, the role of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as iron, molybdenum, and boron, in optimizing symbiosis is critically analyzed.Публікація Soybean response to cold stress during the flowering based on physiological indicators(2025) Staniak, M.; Czopek, K.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Yeremko, L. S.The article investigates the physiological and biochemical responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) to low-temperature stress during the critical flowering stage. The author analyzes how cold stress disrupts pollen viability, fertilization processes, and overall reproductive success, leading to significant yield losses. The research focuses on key physiological indicators, including changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA levels), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD). It was established that cold-tolerant genotypes exhibit a higher capacity for osmotic adjustment and maintain more stable photosynthetic rates under thermal stress. The study substantiates the importance of monitoring these physiological markers to evaluate soybean resilience and provides a basis for breeding programs aimed at developing varieties better adapted to unpredictable temperature fluctuations during the generative phase.Публікація The effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and microbiological preparation on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.)(2026-02-24) Yeremko, L. S.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович; Staniak, M.; Czopek, K.; Stępień-Warda, A.In solving the global problem of food security, increasing the production of legumes, as the main source of highly nutritious protein resources, becomes of strategic importance. A valuable representative of this group of crops is chickpea, the main biological characteristics of which are drought and heat resistance, and at the same time resistance to low positive temperatures and short-term frosts. Chickpea plants, by forming symbiotic relationships with nodule bacteria of the genus Mesorhizobium and converting molecular N of the air into ammonia, can provide about 70% of the requirement for this nutrient needed for metabolic reactions. At the same time, the interaction of plants with microorganisms provides them a biological control over the development of pathogens, increasing resistance to the effects of unfavorable biotic and abiotic factors. In this context, a promising environmentally friendly agricultural technique could be the use of biological preparations based on N-fixing bacteria for pre-sowing seed inoculation, which increases the effectiveness of legume rhizobial symbiosis and improves the conditions for plant nutrition and productivity formation. At the same time, scientists note that despite the fact that atmospheric N is an unlimited source of N nutrition, its symbiotic fixation by nodule bacteria usually cannot fully satisfy the needs of plants for this element, especially in the early stages of plant development. Thus, it is necessary to apply initial doses of N until a full fledged legume-rhizobial symbiosis is established. A sufficient amount of P in the soil promotes the formation of a powerful root system and also increases plant tolerance to the effects of increased average daily air temperatures, drought, waterlogging, soil salinity, and heavy metal toxicity.Публікація The effect of mineral fertilization and pre-sowing seed treatment on soybean yield(2025) Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Yeremko, L. S.; Staniak, M.; Czopek, K.; Stępień-Warda, A.The article presents the findings of a study on the combined influence of mineral fertilization and various methods of pre-sowing seed treatment on the yield and quality of soybeans. The author evaluates the efficiency of integrating macro-fertilizers (NPK) with specialized seed treatments, including inoculants, micronutrient complexes, and fungicides. The research focuses on how these treatments stimulate early-stage biological activity, particularly the enhancement of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root system architecture. It was established that the synergy between a balanced soil nutritional background and high-quality seed preparation leads to a significant increase in the number of pods per plant and the mass of 1000 seeds. The results substantiate that pre-sowing treatment acts as a catalyst for nutrient uptake from mineral fertilizers, thereby maximizing the genetic potential of soybean varieties and ensuring stable yields even under fluctuating environmental conditions.Публікація The role of elements of mineral nutrition in the processes of corn productivity formation(2025) Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Yeremko, L. S.; Staniak, M.; Czopek, K.; Stępień-Warda, A.The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and agrotechnical roles of essential mineral nutrients in the formation of corn (Zea mays) productivity. The author examines the specific functions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as the primary drivers of biomass accumulation and grain development. The research focuses on the "critical periods" of nutrient uptake, particularly from the 3–5 leaf stage to flowering, where the availability of macro- and microelements (such as zinc and boron) directly determines the potential number of kernels per ear. The study evaluates how balanced fertilization programs influence photosynthesis efficiency, root system architecture, and the plant's ability to withstand environmental stressors. The findings substantiate that the precise synchronization of nutrient supply with the crop's biological requirements is a fundamental factor in maximizing yield potential and improving the quality indicators of corn grain.Публікація The role of some elements of mineral nutrition in the formation of the productivity of sunflower as a valuable oil crop(2025) Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Yeremko, L. S.; Staniak, M.; Czopek, K.; Stępień-Warda, A.This article evaluates the physiological significance of specific mineral nutrients in the growth, development, and yield formation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The author examines how the balanced application of primary macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) interacts with essential meso- and micronutrients, specifically sulfur, boron, and magnesium, to maximize the genetic potential of modern hybrids. The research highlights the critical role of boron in pollen viability and seed setting, as well as the impact of sulfur on oil biosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. The study analyzes the correlation between nutrient availability during the generative phases and key productivity indicators, such as head diameter, thousand-seed weight, and oil content. The findings substantiate that a targeted, phase-specific fertilization strategy is crucial for increasing the resource efficiency of sunflower production and ensuring its status as a highly profitable oilseed crop in various agro-climatic zones.