Publication: Formation of grain yield in corn hybrids of different FAO groups depending on sowing dates and plant density
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Date
2024
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Abstract
Formation of productivity of any agricultural crop depends on many factors. First of all, the soil and climatic conditions of the crop growing area, varietal or hybrid composition, seed quality, sowing dates and plant density, and strict adherence to all methods of cultivation technology are important. Corn hybrids of different maturity groups differ in morphological and biological properties. Thus, obtaining the potential yield of an individual genotype is possible under favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, including high-variety agricultural machinery and natural conditions. The maximum yield of high-quality corn grain is formed under the condition of the optimal ratio of all structural elements: weight of 1,000 grains, number of rows of grains in an ear, number of grains in a row, number of grains on one ear, length and diameter of an ear. If one structural element is insufficiently developed, the yield can be compensated by other components. Since individual elements of the structure are formed at different stages of organogenesis, different conditions are necessary for their successful development. The hybrids used in our research revealed peculiarities in the formation of elements of the crop structure, depending on the timing of sowing and stand density. The sizes of the cobs that formed on the corn plants varied little under the influence of sowing dates and plant stand density, but were characteristic of a certain biotype. Studies have shown that all factors of the experiment affect the growth, development of plants and the formation of elements of the structure of the corn grain crop. According to the results of the measurements, it was established that the best indicators of all structural elements were observed for sowing hybrids of different maturity groups in the optimal period - the third decade of April. The highest values of all indicators were observed in the Olkani hybrid, which is explained by the genotypic features of this hybrid.
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Corn, hybrid, maturity group, productivity, crop structure, mass of 1, 000 grains
Citation
Formation of grain yield in corn hybrids of different FAO groups depending on sowing dates and plant density / S. M. Shakalii, A. V. Bahan, S. O. Yurchenko et al. Agronomy Research. 2024. Vol. 22 (3). P. 1284–1296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.24.076