Статті, тези конференцій. Навчально-науковий інститут агротехнологій, селекції та екології

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Perennial legumes as a factor in soil fertility improvement
(2026-03-02) Гангур, Володимир Васильович; Hanhur, V. V.; Vodianyk, O. V.; Staniak, M.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Yeremko, L. S.
The article investigates the fundamental role of perennial legumes (such as alfalfa, clover, and sainfoin) in the restoration and maintenance of soil fertility within modern cropping systems. The author analyzes the capacity of these crops for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, which significantly enriches the soil with biological nitrogen and reduces the reliance on synthetic mineral fertilizers. The research examines the physical impact of deep-reaching root systems on soil structure, including the mitigation of subsoil compaction and the enhancement of aeration and water permeability. The study also highlights the contribution of legume biomass to humus accumulation and the activation of beneficial soil microbiota. The findings substantiate that integrating perennial legumes into crop rotations is a key strategy for sustainable land management, erosion control, and increasing the productivity of subsequent crops in the rotation.
Perennial legumes as a factor in soil fertility improvement
(2025-12-24) Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович; Vodianyk, O. V.; Yeremko, L. S.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Staniak, M.
Long-term leguminous grasses (Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pratense L., Onobrychis viciifolia Scop., Melilotus officinalis L.) are strategically important crops for sustainable agriculture because they combine high agronomic, ecological, and economic benefits. Their cultivation contributes to a long-term increase in soil fertility due to their significant biomass, ability to biologically fix nitrogen, improve soil physical properties, and activate soil biota. One of the key properties of perennial legumes is symbiotic nitrogen fixation. With the participation of nodule bacteria, they are capable of absorbing 80 to 250 kg of N/ha per year from the atmosphere, which is several times higher than the capacity of other crops. This biological nitrogen is formed gradually and evenly enters the soil, improving the nitrogen nutrition of subsequent crops in the crop rotation. This reduces the need for mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, which contributes to resource savings and reduces the technogenic load on the environment. The highly developed root system of perennial legumes, which can extend to a depth of 1.5–3 m, performs a number of important functions: improving soil structure and aeration, increasing its water permeability, and preventing erosion processes. The roots help break up compacted layers of the arable horizon, providing better conditions for the growth of roots of the next crops. In addition, roots and post-harvest residues significantly enrich the soil with organic matter—humus accumulates in the soil profile, which is the main indicator of fertility. The organic mass of perennial legumes is characterized by an optimal C:N ratio, which ensures rapid decomposition of plant residues and effective humus formation. The application of biomass is equivalent to the application of large amounts of organic fertilizers in a naturally occurring manner. This contributes to improving the nutrient regime, increasing the content of available phosphorus and potassium, activating microbiological processes, and increasing the biological activity of the soil.
Qualitative assessment of soils in dolyna district of ivano-frankivsk region
(2026-02-23) Hryhoriv, Y.; Degtyarjov, V.; Marenych, M. M.; Маренич, Микола Миколайович; Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович; Karbivska, U.; Gamajunova, V.; Sydiakina, O.; Gniezdilova, V.; Shcherbakov, O.; Konshin, R.
The article presents the results of agrochemical survey of soils of the Dolyna territorial community of Ivano Frankivsk region. The agro-productive grouping of all soils of the district was carried out. There are five agro productive soil groups within the district: sod-podzolic soils on ancient alluvial, water-glacial deposits, moraine, and eluvium of magmatic rocks; sod-podzolic and podzolic-sod surface-gleyed medium-loamy soils; deep non-gleyed and gleyed medium-loamy sod soils and their podzolized variants on ancient alluvial, water-glacial deposits, moraine, and eluvium of magmatic rocks; brown-podzolic, sod-brown-podzolic, brown mountain-forest podzolized gleyed and surface-gleyed non-eroded and slightly eroded heavy loamy and light clayey soils; sod gleyed soils; sod-brown and meadow-brown gleyed soils on alluvial and deluvial deposits, medium-loamy stony soils.These soils exhibit acidic pH, are moderately deficient in available phosphorus, and have medium levels of potassium. They are potentially fertile but require liming and the application of organic-mineral fertilizers.
The effect of basic soil cultivation methods and seed inoculation on soybean crop weed infestation
(2025-12-24) Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович; Hrechka, M. O.
Controlling weeds within the economic threshold of harmfulness remains to be one of the main problems in modern farming. Its complexity is due to the biological characteristics of weeds, in particular their extremely high seed fertility, the ability of seeds to remain viable for a long time, and the unevenness of their germination. Studies indicate that, on average, only about a quarter of the seed stock in the arable soil layer remains viable, and its total amount significantly exceeds the volume of seeds of cultivated plants that are sown. In addition, weed plants have well-developed above-ground mass and a powerful root system, which results in intensive use of soil moisture and available mineral nutrients. It should be noted that weeds require tens of times more water than agricultural crops, and their transpiration coefficient is 3–4 times higher. Under such conditions, at the current stage of agricultural production development, the primary importance is given to the timely application of a complex of agrotechnical measures to limit the expansion of weeds, in particular, a rational system of soil cultivation. The high potential for weed infestation of arable land requires the introduction of improved technological methods capable of reducing the potential reserves of weed seeds in the arable layer and creating less favorable conditions for their germination. The studies of numerous research institutions and production practice show that it is the system of primary soil cultivation that largely determines the level of weed infestation and the structure of biological species. The character of the work of shelf and non-shelf cultivation tools determines the different impact on the distribution of weed seeds in the soil profile, which directly affects their survival and germination intensity. According to Yu.P. Manko, systematic deep plowing ensures a quite homogeneous distribution of weed seeds throughout the entire depth of the arable layer, which prevents their simultaneous germination. In contrast, prolonged loosening of the soil with non-plow-type tools contributes to the maximum concentration of most seeds in the top layer of 0–10 cm, which subsequently causes active weed growth.
The effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and microbiological preparation on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.)
(2026-02-24) Yeremko, L. S.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович; Staniak, M.; Czopek, K.; Stępień-Warda, A.
In solving the global problem of food security, increasing the production of legumes, as the main source of highly nutritious protein resources, becomes of strategic importance. A valuable representative of this group of crops is chickpea, the main biological characteristics of which are drought and heat resistance, and at the same time resistance to low positive temperatures and short-term frosts. Chickpea plants, by forming symbiotic relationships with nodule bacteria of the genus Mesorhizobium and converting molecular N of the air into ammonia, can provide about 70% of the requirement for this nutrient needed for metabolic reactions. At the same time, the interaction of plants with microorganisms provides them a biological control over the development of pathogens, increasing resistance to the effects of unfavorable biotic and abiotic factors. In this context, a promising environmentally friendly agricultural technique could be the use of biological preparations based on N-fixing bacteria for pre-sowing seed inoculation, which increases the effectiveness of legume rhizobial symbiosis and improves the conditions for plant nutrition and productivity formation. At the same time, scientists note that despite the fact that atmospheric N is an unlimited source of N nutrition, its symbiotic fixation by nodule bacteria usually cannot fully satisfy the needs of plants for this element, especially in the early stages of plant development. Thus, it is necessary to apply initial doses of N until a full fledged legume-rhizobial symbiosis is established. A sufficient amount of P in the soil promotes the formation of a powerful root system and also increases plant tolerance to the effects of increased average daily air temperatures, drought, waterlogging, soil salinity, and heavy metal toxicity.
The effect of mineral fertilization and seed inoculation on seed yield of soybean
(2024) Yeremko, L. S.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович
In solving the problem of protein and micronutrient deficiencies, which is the main cause of the so-called hidden hunger, soybeans are considered a strategic legume crop in the world. Its cultivation provides millions of people with food and raw materials for hundreds of products in various industries. The nutritional value of soybeans is due to the high content of protein (37%-48%), oil (16%-21%), vitamins, minerals and biologically active compounds. The size and quality of the yield of soybeans is largely determined by varietal characteristics, soil and climatic conditions of the region of cultivation, and the applied agronomic practices, among which the availability of nutrients during the growing season plays a crucial role. As a legume, soybeans, through symbiotic interaction with the bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum, can provide about 100 kg ha-1 of biologically fixed nitrogen to the soil, contributing to a significant reduction in the cost of material resources for the application of mineral fertilizers. In turn, the effectiveness of legume-rhizobial symbiosis is determined by the sufficient supply of plants with trace elements Mo and B. Mo, which is a cofactor of the nitrate reductase enzyme, has a direct impact on the process of symbiotic fixation of molecular nitrogen by soybean plants. It is also required by Rhizobium bacteria for the proper functioning of the nitrogenase enzyme involved in nitrogen fixation. B is essential for fruit formation and development. Its deficiency results in plant sterility due to impaired development of reproductive tissues. At the same time, low availability of B induces significant changes in N2 fixation in soybean plants, which is reflected in a decrease in the frequency of rhizobia infection of plant host cells and an increase in morphological abnormalities in the development of infectious threads. Mg plays a key role in a wide range of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes of plant functioning, including chlorophyll and protein synthesis, production, transport and utilization of photoassimilates, and enzyme activity.
The effect of mineral fertilizers and plant growth biostimulant on productivity of peas
(2024-05-23) Yeremko, L. S.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович
In the strategy of preserving the country's food security, the production of pulses as an important protein raw material is taking on increasing importance. Peas occupy a leading position in the group of legumes due to their adaptability to the soil and climatic conditions of most growing regions, their versatile use and high productivity potential. Its grain is a source of protein, balanced in amino acid composition, vitamins, minerals and biologically active compounds, which play a significant role in improving human health. Due to its ability to symbiotically interact with gram-negative bacteria of the Rhizobium genus, its plants can fix sufficient amount of atmospheric nitrogen for their development under favorable conditions. This, in turn, helps to reduce production costs by decreasing the amount of mineral nitrogen fertilizers.
The effect of seed inoculation, mineral fertilization, and foliar nutrition of plants with molybdenum on the formation of symbiotic apparatus and pea seed yield
(2026-02-23) Yeremko, L. S.; Єремко, Людмила Сергіївна; Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович
The production of pulses is the main source of protein resources for the food sector and feed production in Ukraine, thus determining the country's food security. In the legume group, peas occupy a leading position in sown areas. This is due to its biological characteristics, the high nutritional value of seeds, and valuable fodder properties of the aboveground part of plants. The protein content in pea seeds can vary from 18 to 30 % depending on varietal characteristics and growing conditions. As opposed to animal proteins, pea proteins contain essential amino acids in the required proportions, with methionine being the limiting amino acid. Because of the low fat content of pea seeds, there are no problems with lipid oxidation during storage. In addition to a significant amount of protein, pea seeds contain vitamins and mineral elements (Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Cu), folic acid, niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine.
The formation of biometric parameters of sunflower hybrid plants of different maturity groups depending on the level of mineral nutrition
(2025-12-24) Hanhur, V. V.; Гангур, Володимир Васильович; Kalambetk, V. V.; Chernysh, M. R.; Solianyk, V. A.
Sunflower is one of the leading oil crops in both global and domestic agriculture and occupies a leading position in the structure of commercial products in Ukraine's agricultural sector. This is due not only to the high productivity potential and actual yield of the crop, but also to the significant sown areas. Over the past ten years, there has been a steady increase in the gross harvest of sunflower seeds, as well as growth in the volume of its industrial processing. Analysis of the dynamics of statistical indicators confirms the stable development of sunflower production, which once again emphasizes the strategic importance of this technical crop for the country's economy.

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Перегляд Статті, тези конференцій. Навчально-науковий інститут агротехнологій, селекції та екології за Автор "Hanhur, V. V."

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